管仲夷吾者,颍上人也。少时常与鲍叔牙游,鲍叔知其贤。管仲贫困,常欺鲍叔,鲍叔终善遇之,不以为言。已而鲍叔事齐公子小白,管仲事公子纠。及小白立为桓公,公子纠死,管仲囚焉。鲍叔遂进管仲。管仲既用,任政于齐,齐桓公以霸,九合诸侯,一匡天下,管仲之谋也。
管仲曰:“吾始困时,尝与鲍叔贾,分财利多自与,鲍叔不以我为贪,知我贫也。吾尝为鲍叔谋事而更穷困,鲍叔不以我为愚,知时有利不利也。吾尝三仕三见逐于君,鲍叔不以我为不肖,知我不遇时。吾尝三战三走,鲍叔不以我怯,知我有老母也。公子纠败,召忽死之,吾幽囚受辱,鲍叔不以我为无耻,知我不羞小节而耻功名不显于天下也。生我者父母,知我者鲍子也。”
鲍叔既进管仲,以身下之。子孙世禄于齐,有封邑者十余世,常为名大夫。天下不多管仲之贤而多鲍叔能知人也。
管仲
既任政相齐,以区区之齐在海滨,通货积财,富国强兵,与俗同好恶。故其称曰:“仓廪实而知礼节,衣食足而知荣辱,上服度则六亲固。四维不张,国乃灭亡。下令如流水之原,令顺民心。”故论卑而易行。俗之所欲,因而予之;俗之所否,因而去之。
其为政也,善因祸而为福,转败而为功。贵轻重,慎权衡。桓公实怒少姬,南袭蔡,管仲因而伐楚,责包茅不入贡于周室。桓公实北征山戎,而管仲因而令燕修召公之政。于柯之会,桓公欲背曹沫之约,管仲因而信之,诸侯由是归齐。故曰:“知与之为取,政之宝也。”
管仲富拟于公室,有三归、反坫,齐人不以为侈。管仲卒,齐国遵其政,常强于诸侯。后百余年而有晏子焉。
晏子
晏平仲婴者,莱之夷维人也。事齐灵公、庄公、景公,以节俭力行重于齐。既相齐,食不重肉,妾不衣帛。其在朝,君语及之,即危言;语不及之,即危行。国有道,即顺命;无道,即衡命。以此三世显名于诸侯。
越石父贤,在缧绁中。晏子出,遭之涂,解左骖赎之,载归。弗谢,入闺。久之,越石父请绝。晏子惧然,摄衣冠谢曰:“婴虽不仁,免子于缌何子求绝之速也?”石父曰:“不然。吾闻君子诎于不知己而信于知己者。方吾在缧绁中,彼不知我也。夫子既已感寤而赎我,是知己;知己而无礼,固不如在缧绁之中。”晏子于是延入为上客。
为齐相,出,其御之妻从门间而窥其夫。其夫为相御,拥大盖,策驷马,意气扬扬甚自得也。既而归,其妻请去。夫问其故。妻曰:“晏子长不满六尺,身相齐国,名显诸侯。今者妾观其出,志念深矣,常有以自下者。今子长八尺,乃为人仆御,然子之意自以为足,妾是以求去也。”其后夫自抑损。晏子怪而问之,御以实对。晏子荐以为大夫。
太史公曰:吾读管氏牧民、山高、乘马、轻重、九府,及晏子春秋,详哉其言之也。既见其著书,欲观其行事,故次其传。至其书,世多有之,是以不论,论其轶事。
管仲世所谓贤臣,然孔子小之。岂以为周道衰微,桓公既贤,而不勉之至王,乃称霸哉?语曰“将顺其美,匡救其恶,故上下能相亲也”。岂管仲之谓乎?
方晏子伏庄公尸哭之,成礼然后去,岂所谓“见义不为无勇”者邪?至其谏说,犯君之颜,此所谓“进思尽忠,退思补过”者哉!假令晏子而在,余虽为之执鞭,所忻慕焉。
guan zhong yi wu zhe ,zuo shang ren ye 。shao shi chang yu bao shu ya you ,bao shu zhi qi xian 。guan zhong pin kun ,chang qi bao shu ,bao shu zhong shan yu zhi ,bu yi wei yan 。yi er bao shu shi qi gong zi xiao bai ,guan zhong shi gong zi jiu 。ji xiao bai li wei huan gong ,gong zi jiu si ,guan zhong qiu yan 。bao shu sui jin guan zhong 。guan zhong ji yong ,ren zheng yu qi ,qi huan gong yi ba ,jiu he zhu hou ,yi kuang tian xia ,guan zhong zhi mou ye 。
guan zhong yue :“wu shi kun shi ,chang yu bao shu jia ,fen cai li duo zi yu ,bao shu bu yi wo wei tan ,zhi wo pin ye 。wu chang wei bao shu mou shi er geng qiong kun ,bao shu bu yi wo wei yu ,zhi shi you li bu li ye 。wu chang san shi san jian zhu yu jun ,bao shu bu yi wo wei bu xiao ,zhi wo bu yu shi 。wu chang san zhan san zou ,bao shu bu yi wo qie ,zhi wo you lao mu ye 。gong zi jiu bai ,zhao hu si zhi ,wu you qiu shou ru ,bao shu bu yi wo wei wu chi ,zhi wo bu xiu xiao jie er chi gong ming bu xian yu tian xia ye 。sheng wo zhe fu mu ,zhi wo zhe bao zi ye 。”
bao shu ji jin guan zhong ,yi shen xia zhi 。zi sun shi lu yu qi ,you feng yi zhe shi yu shi ,chang wei ming da fu 。tian xia bu duo guan zhong zhi xian er duo bao shu neng zhi ren ye 。
guan zhong
ji ren zheng xiang qi ,yi qu qu zhi qi zai hai bin ,tong huo ji cai ,fu guo qiang bing ,yu su tong hao e 。gu qi cheng yue :“cang zuo shi er zhi li jie ,yi shi zu er zhi rong ru ,shang fu du ze liu qin gu 。si wei bu zhang ,guo nai mie wang 。xia ling ru liu shui zhi yuan ,ling shun min xin 。”gu lun bei er yi xing 。su zhi suo yu ,yin er yu zhi ;su zhi suo fou ,yin er qu zhi 。
qi wei zheng ye ,shan yin huo er wei fu ,zhuan bai er wei gong 。gui qing zhong ,shen quan heng 。huan gong shi nu shao ji ,nan xi cai ,guan zhong yin er fa chu ,ze bao mao bu ru gong yu zhou shi 。huan gong shi bei zheng shan rong ,er guan zhong yin er ling yan xiu zhao gong zhi zheng 。yu ke zhi hui ,huan gong yu bei cao mo zhi yue ,guan zhong yin er xin zhi ,zhu hou you shi gui qi 。gu yue :“zhi yu zhi wei qu ,zheng zhi bao ye 。”
guan zhong fu ni yu gong shi ,you san gui 、fan zuo ,qi ren bu yi wei chi 。guan zhong zu ,qi guo zun qi zheng ,chang qiang yu zhu hou 。hou bai yu nian er you zuo zi yan 。
zuo zi
zuo ping zhong ying zhe ,lai zhi yi wei ren ye 。shi qi ling gong 、zhuang gong 、jing gong ,yi jie jian li xing zhong yu qi 。ji xiang qi ,shi bu zhong rou ,zuo bu yi bo 。qi zai chao ,jun yu ji zhi ,ji wei yan ;yu bu ji zhi ,ji wei xing 。guo you dao ,ji shun ming ;wu dao ,ji heng ming 。yi ci san shi xian ming yu zhu hou 。
yue shi fu xian ,zai zuo zuo zhong 。zuo zi chu ,zao zhi tu ,jie zuo zuo shu zhi ,zai gui 。fu xie ,ru gui 。jiu zhi ,yue shi fu qing jue 。zuo zi ju ran ,she yi guan xie yue :“ying sui bu ren ,mian zi yu zuo he zi qiu jue zhi su ye ?”shi fu yue :“bu ran 。wu wen jun zi zuo yu bu zhi ji er xin yu zhi ji zhe 。fang wu zai zuo zuo zhong ,bi bu zhi wo ye 。fu zi ji yi gan zuo er shu wo ,shi zhi ji ;zhi ji er wu li ,gu bu ru zai zuo zuo zhi zhong 。”zuo zi yu shi yan ru wei shang ke 。
wei qi xiang ,chu ,qi yu zhi qi cong men jian er kui qi fu 。qi fu wei xiang yu ,yong da gai ,ce zuo ma ,yi qi yang yang shen zi de ye 。ji er gui ,qi qi qing qu 。fu wen qi gu 。qi yue :“zuo zi chang bu man liu chi ,shen xiang qi guo ,ming xian zhu hou 。jin zhe zuo guan qi chu ,zhi nian shen yi ,chang you yi zi xia zhe 。jin zi chang ba chi ,nai wei ren pu yu ,ran zi zhi yi zi yi wei zu ,zuo shi yi qiu qu ye 。”qi hou fu zi yi sun 。zuo zi guai er wen zhi ,yu yi shi dui 。zuo zi jian yi wei da fu 。
tai shi gong yue :wu du guan shi mu min 、shan gao 、cheng ma 、qing zhong 、jiu fu ,ji zuo zi chun qiu ,xiang zai qi yan zhi ye 。ji jian qi zhu shu ,yu guan qi xing shi ,gu ci qi chuan 。zhi qi shu ,shi duo you zhi ,shi yi bu lun ,lun qi zuo shi 。
guan zhong shi suo wei xian chen ,ran kong zi xiao zhi 。qi yi wei zhou dao shuai wei ,huan gong ji xian ,er bu mian zhi zhi wang ,nai cheng ba zai ?yu yue “jiang shun qi mei ,kuang jiu qi e ,gu shang xia neng xiang qin ye ”。qi guan zhong zhi wei hu ?
fang zuo zi fu zhuang gong shi ku zhi ,cheng li ran hou qu ,qi suo wei “jian yi bu wei wu yong ”zhe xie ?zhi qi zuo shuo ,fan jun zhi yan ,ci suo wei “jin si jin zhong ,tui si bu guo ”zhe zai !jia ling zuo zi er zai ,yu sui wei zhi zhi bian ,suo xin mu yan 。
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