士君子立身事主,既名知己,则当竭尽智谋,忠告善道,销患于未形,保治于未然,俾身全而主安。生为名臣,死为上鬼,垂光百世,照耀简策,斯为美也。苟遇知己,不能扶危为未乱之先,而乃捐躯殒命于既败之后;钓名沽誉,眩世骇俗,由君子观之,皆所不取也。
盖尝因而论之:豫让臣事智伯,及赵襄子杀智伯,让为之报仇。声名烈烈,虽愚夫愚妇莫不知其为忠臣义士也。呜呼!让之死固忠矣,惜乎处死之道有未忠者存焉——何也?观其漆身吞炭,谓其友曰:“凡吾所为者极难,将以愧天下后世之为人臣而怀二心者也。”谓非忠可乎?及观其斩衣三跃,襄子责以不死于中行氏,而独死于智伯。让应曰:“中行氏以众人待我,我故以众人报之;智伯以国士待我,我故以国士报之。”即此而论,让馀徐憾矣。
段规之事韩康,任章之事魏献,未闻以国士待之也;而规也章也,力劝其主从智伯之请,与之地以骄其志,而速其亡也 。郄疵之事智伯,亦未尝以国士待之也;而疵能察韩、魏之情以谏智伯。虽不用其言以至灭亡,而疵之智谋忠告,已无愧于心也。
让既自谓智伯待以国士矣,国士——济国之士也。当伯请地无厌之日,纵欲荒暴之时,为让者正宜陈力就列,谆谆然而告之日:“诸侯大夫各安分地,无相侵夺,古之制也。今无故而取地于人,人不与,而吾之忿心必生;与之,则吾之骄心以起。忿必争,争必败;骄必傲,傲必亡”。谆切恳至,谏不从,再谏之,再谏不从,三谏之。三谏不从,移其伏剑之死,死于是日。伯虽顽冥不灵,感其至诚,庶几复悟。和韩、魏,释赵围,保全智宗,守其祭祀。若然,则让虽死犹生也,岂不胜于斩衣而死乎?让于此时,曾无一语开悟主心,视伯之危亡,犹越人视秦人之肥瘠也。袖手旁观,坐待成败,国士之报,曾若是乎?智伯既死,而乃不胜血气之悻悻,甘自附于刺客之流。何足道哉,何足道哉!
虽然,以国士而论,豫让固不足以当矣;彼朝为仇敌,暮为君臣,腆然而自得者,又让之罪人也。噫!
shi jun zi li shen shi zhu ,ji ming zhi ji ,ze dang jie jin zhi mou ,zhong gao shan dao ,xiao huan yu wei xing ,bao zhi yu wei ran ,zuo shen quan er zhu an 。sheng wei ming chen ,si wei shang gui ,chui guang bai shi ,zhao yao jian ce ,si wei mei ye 。gou yu zhi ji ,bu neng fu wei wei wei luan zhi xian ,er nai juan qu zuo ming yu ji bai zhi hou ;diao ming gu yu ,xuan shi hai su ,you jun zi guan zhi ,jie suo bu qu ye 。
gai chang yin er lun zhi :yu rang chen shi zhi bo ,ji zhao xiang zi sha zhi bo ,rang wei zhi bao chou 。sheng ming lie lie ,sui yu fu yu fu mo bu zhi qi wei zhong chen yi shi ye 。wu hu !rang zhi si gu zhong yi ,xi hu chu si zhi dao you wei zhong zhe cun yan ——he ye ?guan qi qi shen tun tan ,wei qi you yue :“fan wu suo wei zhe ji nan ,jiang yi kui tian xia hou shi zhi wei ren chen er huai er xin zhe ye 。”wei fei zhong ke hu ?ji guan qi zhan yi san yue ,xiang zi ze yi bu si yu zhong xing shi ,er du si yu zhi bo 。rang ying yue :“zhong xing shi yi zhong ren dai wo ,wo gu yi zhong ren bao zhi ;zhi bo yi guo shi dai wo ,wo gu yi guo shi bao zhi 。”ji ci er lun ,rang zuo xu han yi 。
duan gui zhi shi han kang ,ren zhang zhi shi wei xian ,wei wen yi guo shi dai zhi ye ;er gui ye zhang ye ,li quan qi zhu cong zhi bo zhi qing ,yu zhi di yi jiao qi zhi ,er su qi wang ye 。zuo ci zhi shi zhi bo ,yi wei chang yi guo shi dai zhi ye ;er ci neng cha han 、wei zhi qing yi zuo zhi bo 。sui bu yong qi yan yi zhi mie wang ,er ci zhi zhi mou zhong gao ,yi wu kui yu xin ye 。
rang ji zi wei zhi bo dai yi guo shi yi ,guo shi ——ji guo zhi shi ye 。dang bo qing di wu yan zhi ri ,zong yu huang bao zhi shi ,wei rang zhe zheng yi chen li jiu lie ,zhun zhun ran er gao zhi ri :“zhu hou da fu ge an fen di ,wu xiang qin duo ,gu zhi zhi ye 。jin wu gu er qu di yu ren ,ren bu yu ,er wu zhi fen xin bi sheng ;yu zhi ,ze wu zhi jiao xin yi qi 。fen bi zheng ,zheng bi bai ;jiao bi ao ,ao bi wang ”。zhun qie ken zhi ,zuo bu cong ,zai zuo zhi ,zai zuo bu cong ,san zuo zhi 。san zuo bu cong ,yi qi fu jian zhi si ,si yu shi ri 。bo sui wan zuo bu ling ,gan qi zhi cheng ,shu ji fu wu 。he han 、wei ,shi zhao wei ,bao quan zhi zong ,shou qi ji zuo 。ruo ran ,ze rang sui si you sheng ye ,qi bu sheng yu zhan yi er si hu ?rang yu ci shi ,zeng wu yi yu kai wu zhu xin ,shi bo zhi wei wang ,you yue ren shi qin ren zhi fei zuo ye 。xiu shou pang guan ,zuo dai cheng bai ,guo shi zhi bao ,zeng ruo shi hu ?zhi bo ji si ,er nai bu sheng xue qi zhi zuo zuo ,gan zi fu yu ci ke zhi liu 。he zu dao zai ,he zu dao zai !
sui ran ,yi guo shi er lun ,yu rang gu bu zu yi dang yi ;bi chao wei chou di ,mu wei jun chen ,tian ran er zi de zhe ,you rang zhi zui ren ye 。zuo !
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