过秦论(上篇)


  秦孝公据崤函之固,拥雍州之地,君臣固守以窥周室,有席卷天下,包举宇内,囊括四海之意,并吞八荒之心。当是时也,商君佐之,内立法度,务耕织,修守战之具,外连衡而斗诸侯。于是秦人拱手而取西河之外。   孝公既没,惠文、武、昭襄蒙故业,因遗策,南取汉中,西举巴、蜀,东割膏腴之地,北收要害之郡。诸侯恐惧,会盟而谋弱秦,不爱珍器重宝肥饶之地,以致天下之士,合从缔交,相与为一。当此之时,齐有孟尝,赵有平原,楚有春申,魏有信陵。此四君者,皆明智而忠信,宽厚而爱人,尊贤而重士,约从离衡,兼韩、魏、燕、楚、齐、赵、宋、卫、中山之众。于是六国之士,有甯越、徐尚、苏秦、杜赫之属为之谋,齐明、周最、陈轸、召滑、楼缓、翟景、苏厉、乐毅之徒通其意,吴起、孙膑、带佗、倪良、王廖、田忌、廉颇、赵奢之伦制其兵。尝以十倍之地,百万之众,叩关而攻秦。秦人开关延敌,九国之师,逡巡而不敢进。秦无亡矢遗镞之费,而天下诸侯已困矣。于是从散约败,争割地而赂秦。秦有余力而制其弊,追亡逐北,伏尸百万,流血漂橹;因利乘便,宰割天下,分裂山河。强国请服,弱国入朝。延及孝文王、庄襄王,享国之日浅,国家无事。   及至始皇,奋六世之余烈,振长策而御宇内,吞二周而亡诸侯,履至尊而制六合,执敲扑而鞭笞天下,威振四海。南取百越之地,以为桂林、象郡;百越之君,俯首系颈,委命下吏。乃使蒙恬北筑长城而守藩篱,却匈奴七百余里;胡人不敢南下而牧马,士不敢弯弓而报怨。于是废先王之道,焚百家之言,以愚黔首;隳名城,杀豪杰;收天下之兵,聚之咸阳,销锋镝,铸以为金人十二,以弱天下之民。然后践华为城,因河为池,据亿丈之城,临不测之渊,以为固。良将劲弩守要害之处,信臣精卒陈利兵而谁何。天下已定,始皇之心,自以为关中之固,金城千里,子孙帝王万世之业也。   始皇既没,余威震于殊俗。然陈涉瓮牖绳枢之子,氓隶之人,而迁徙之徒也;才能不及中人,非有仲尼,墨翟之贤,陶朱、猗顿之富;蹑足行伍之间,而倔起阡陌之中,率疲弊之卒,将数百之众,转而攻秦;斩木为兵,揭竿为旗,天下云集响应,赢粮而景从。山东豪俊遂并起而亡秦族矣。   且夫天下非小弱也,雍州之地,崤函之固,自若也。陈涉之位,非尊于齐、楚、燕、赵、韩、魏、宋、卫、中山之君也;锄櫌棘矜,非铦于钩戟长铩也;谪戍之众,非抗于九国之师也;深谋远虑,行军用兵之道,非及向时之士也。然而成败异变,功业相反,何也?试使山东之国与陈涉度长絜大,比权量力,则不可同年而语矣。然秦以区区之地,致万乘之势,序八州而朝同列,百有余年矣;然后以六合为家,崤函为宫;一夫作难而七庙隳,身死人手,为天下笑者,何也?仁义不施而攻守之势异也。
  qin xiao gong ju zuo han zhi gu ,yong yong zhou zhi di ,jun chen gu shou yi kui zhou shi ,you xi juan tian xia ,bao ju yu nei ,nang kuo si hai zhi yi ,bing tun ba huang zhi xin 。dang shi shi ye ,shang jun zuo zhi ,nei li fa du ,wu geng zhi ,xiu shou zhan zhi ju ,wai lian heng er dou zhu hou 。yu shi qin ren gong shou er qu xi he zhi wai 。   xiao gong ji mei ,hui wen 、wu 、zhao xiang meng gu ye ,yin yi ce ,nan qu han zhong ,xi ju ba 、shu ,dong ge gao zuo zhi di ,bei shou yao hai zhi jun 。zhu hou kong ju ,hui meng er mou ruo qin ,bu ai zhen qi zhong bao fei rao zhi di ,yi zhi tian xia zhi shi ,he cong di jiao ,xiang yu wei yi 。dang ci zhi shi ,qi you meng chang ,zhao you ping yuan ,chu you chun shen ,wei you xin ling 。ci si jun zhe ,jie ming zhi er zhong xin ,kuan hou er ai ren ,zun xian er zhong shi ,yue cong li heng ,jian han 、wei 、yan 、chu 、qi 、zhao 、song 、wei 、zhong shan zhi zhong 。yu shi liu guo zhi shi ,you zuo yue 、xu shang 、su qin 、du he zhi shu wei zhi mou ,qi ming 、zhou zui 、chen zuo 、zhao hua 、lou huan 、di jing 、su li 、le yi zhi tu tong qi yi ,wu qi 、sun zuo 、dai zuo 、ni liang 、wang liao 、tian ji 、lian po 、zhao she zhi lun zhi qi bing 。chang yi shi bei zhi di ,bai wan zhi zhong ,zuo guan er gong qin 。qin ren kai guan yan di ,jiu guo zhi shi ,zuo xun er bu gan jin 。qin wu wang shi yi zuo zhi fei ,er tian xia zhu hou yi kun yi 。yu shi cong san yue bai ,zheng ge di er lu qin 。qin you yu li er zhi qi bi ,zhui wang zhu bei ,fu shi bai wan ,liu xue piao zuo ;yin li cheng bian ,zai ge tian xia ,fen lie shan he 。qiang guo qing fu ,ruo guo ru chao 。yan ji xiao wen wang 、zhuang xiang wang ,xiang guo zhi ri qian ,guo jia wu shi 。   ji zhi shi huang ,fen liu shi zhi yu lie ,zhen chang ce er yu yu nei ,tun er zhou er wang zhu hou ,lv zhi zun er zhi liu he ,zhi qiao pu er bian zuo tian xia ,wei zhen si hai 。nan qu bai yue zhi di ,yi wei gui lin 、xiang jun ;bai yue zhi jun ,fu shou xi jing ,wei ming xia li 。nai shi meng tian bei zhu chang cheng er shou fan li ,que xiong nu qi bai yu li ;hu ren bu gan nan xia er mu ma ,shi bu gan wan gong er bao yuan 。yu shi fei xian wang zhi dao ,fen bai jia zhi yan ,yi yu qian shou ;zuo ming cheng ,sha hao jie ;shou tian xia zhi bing ,ju zhi xian yang ,xiao feng zuo ,zhu yi wei jin ren shi er ,yi ruo tian xia zhi min 。ran hou jian hua wei cheng ,yin he wei chi ,ju yi zhang zhi cheng ,lin bu ce zhi yuan ,yi wei gu 。liang jiang jin zuo shou yao hai zhi chu ,xin chen jing zu chen li bing er shui he 。tian xia yi ding ,shi huang zhi xin ,zi yi wei guan zhong zhi gu ,jin cheng qian li ,zi sun di wang wan shi zhi ye ye 。   shi huang ji mei ,yu wei zhen yu shu su 。ran chen she weng zuo sheng shu zhi zi ,mang li zhi ren ,er qian zuo zhi tu ye ;cai neng bu ji zhong ren ,fei you zhong ni ,mo di zhi xian ,tao zhu 、zuo dun zhi fu ;zuo zu xing wu zhi jian ,er jue qi zuo mo zhi zhong ,lv pi bi zhi zu ,jiang shu bai zhi zhong ,zhuan er gong qin ;zhan mu wei bing ,jie gan wei qi ,tian xia yun ji xiang ying ,ying liang er jing cong 。shan dong hao jun sui bing qi er wang qin zu yi 。   qie fu tian xia fei xiao ruo ye ,yong zhou zhi di ,zuo han zhi gu ,zi ruo ye 。chen she zhi wei ,fei zun yu qi 、chu 、yan 、zhao 、han 、wei 、song 、wei 、zhong shan zhi jun ye ;chu ji zuo ,fei zuo yu gou zuo chang zuo ye ;zuo shu zhi zhong ,fei kang yu jiu guo zhi shi ye ;shen mou yuan lv ,xing jun yong bing zhi dao ,fei ji xiang shi zhi shi ye 。ran er cheng bai yi bian ,gong ye xiang fan ,he ye ?shi shi shan dong zhi guo yu chen she du chang jian da ,bi quan liang li ,ze bu ke tong nian er yu yi 。ran qin yi qu qu zhi di ,zhi wan cheng zhi shi ,xu ba zhou er chao tong lie ,bai you yu nian yi ;ran hou yi liu he wei jia ,zuo han wei gong ;yi fu zuo nan er qi miao zuo ,shen si ren shou ,wei tian xia xiao zhe ,he ye ?ren yi bu shi er gong shou zhi shi yi ye 。
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相关问题?

《过秦论(上篇)》的作者是谁?

《过秦论(上篇)》的作者是"贾谊"。


《过秦论(上篇)》这首诗词是那个朝代?

《过秦论(上篇)》的朝代是"两汉"。