屈原者,名平,楚之同姓也。为楚怀王左徒。博闻强志,明于治乱,娴于辞令。入则与王图议国事,以出号令;出则接遇宾客,应对诸侯。王甚任之。
上官大夫与之同列,争宠而心害其能。怀王使屈原造为宪令,屈平属草稿未定。上官大夫见而欲夺之,屈平不与,因谗之曰:“王使屈平为令,众莫不知。每一令出,平伐其功,曰以为‘非我莫能为也。’”王怒而疏屈平。
屈平疾王听之不聪也,谗谄之蔽明也,邪曲之害公也,方正之不容也,故忧愁幽思而作《离骚》。“离骚”者,犹离忧也。夫天者,人之始也;父母者,人之本也。人穷则反本,故劳苦倦极,未尝不呼天也;疾痛惨怛,未尝不呼父母也。屈平正道直行,竭忠尽智,以事其君,谗人间之,可谓穷矣。信而见疑,忠而被谤,能无怨乎?屈平之作《离骚》,盖自怨生也。《国风》好色而不淫,《小雅》怨诽而不乱。若《离骚》者,可谓兼之矣。上称帝喾,下道齐桓,中述汤、武,以刺世事。明道德之广崇,治乱之条贯,靡不毕见。其文约,其辞微,其志洁,其行廉。其称文小而其指极大,举类迩而见义远。其志洁,故其称物芳;其行廉,故死而不容。自疏濯淖污泥之中,蝉蜕于浊秽,以浮游尘埃之外,不获世之滋垢,皭然泥而不滓者也。推此志也,虽与日月争光可也。
屈原既绌。其后秦欲伐齐,齐与楚从亲,惠王患之。乃令张仪佯去秦,厚币委质事楚,曰:“秦甚憎齐,齐与楚从亲,楚诚能绝齐,秦愿献商、於之地六百里。”楚怀王贪而信张仪,遂绝齐,使使如秦受地。张仪诈之曰:“仪与王约六里,不闻六百里。”楚使怒去,归告怀王。怀王怒,大兴师伐秦。秦发兵击之,大破楚师于丹、淅,斩首八万,虏楚将屈匄,遂取楚之汉中地。怀王乃悉发国中兵,以深入击秦,战于蓝田。魏闻之,袭楚至邓。楚兵惧,自秦归。而齐竟怒,不救楚,楚大困。明年,秦割汉中地与楚以和。楚王曰:“不愿得地,愿得张仪而甘心焉。”张仪闻,乃曰:“以一仪而当汉中地,臣请往如楚。”如楚,又因厚币用事者臣靳尚,而设诡辩于怀王之宠姬郑袖。怀王竟听郑袖,复释去张仪。是时屈原既疏,不复在位,使于齐,顾反,谏怀王曰:“何不杀张仪?”怀王悔,追张仪,不及。
其后,诸侯共击楚,大破之,杀其将唐眜。时秦昭王与楚婚,欲与怀王会。怀王欲行,屈平曰:“秦,虎狼之国,不可信,不如毋行。”怀王稚子子兰劝王行:“奈何绝秦欢!”怀王卒行。入武关,秦伏兵绝其后,因留怀王,以求割地。怀王怒,不听。亡走赵,赵不内。复之秦,竟死于秦而归葬。
长子顷襄王立,以其弟子兰为令尹。楚人既咎子兰以劝怀王入秦而不反也。屈平既嫉之,虽放流,眷顾楚国,系心怀王,不忘欲反。冀幸君之一悟,俗之一改也。其存君兴国,而欲反复之,一篇之中,三致志焉。然终无可奈何,故不可以反。卒以此见怀王之终不悟也。
人君无愚智贤不肖,莫不欲求忠以自为,举贤以自佐。然亡国破家相随属,而圣君治国累世而不见者,其所谓忠者不忠,而所谓贤者不贤也。怀王以不知忠臣之分,故内惑于郑袖,外欺于张仪,疏屈平而信上官大夫、令尹子兰,兵挫地削,亡其六郡,身客死于秦,为天下笑,此不知人之祸也。《易》曰:“井渫不食,为我心恻,可以汲。王明,并受其福。”王之不明,岂足福哉!令尹子兰闻之,大怒。卒使上官大夫短屈原于顷襄王。顷襄王怒而迁之。屈原至于江滨,被发行吟泽畔,颜色憔悴,形容枯槁。渔父见而问之曰:“子非三闾大夫欤?何故而至此?”屈原曰:“举世皆浊而我独清,众人皆醉而我独醒,是以见放。”渔父曰:“夫圣人者,不凝滞于物,而能与世推移。举世皆浊,何不随其流而扬其波?众人皆醉,何不哺其糟而啜其醨?何故怀瑾握瑜,而自令见放为?”屈原曰:“吾闻之,新沐者必弹冠,新浴者必振衣。人又谁能以身之察察,受物之汶汶者乎?宁赴常流而葬乎江鱼腹中耳。又安能以皓皓之白,而蒙世之温蠖乎?”乃作《怀沙》之赋。于是怀石,遂自投汨罗以死。
屈原既死之后,楚有宋玉、唐勒、景差之徒者,皆好辞而以赋见称。然皆祖屈原之从容辞令,终莫敢直谏。其后楚日以削,数十年竟为秦所灭。自屈原沉汨罗后百有馀年,汉有贾生,为长沙王太傅。过湘水,投书以吊屈原。
太史公曰:“余读《离骚》、《天问》、《招魂》、《哀郢》,悲其志。适长沙,过屈原所自沉渊,未尝不垂涕,想见其为人。及见贾生吊之,又怪屈原以彼其材游诸侯,何国不容,而自令若是!读《鵩鸟赋》,同死生,轻去就,又爽然自失矣。”
qu yuan zhe ,ming ping ,chu zhi tong xing ye 。wei chu huai wang zuo tu 。bo wen qiang zhi ,ming yu zhi luan ,zuo yu ci ling 。ru ze yu wang tu yi guo shi ,yi chu hao ling ;chu ze jie yu bin ke ,ying dui zhu hou 。wang shen ren zhi 。
shang guan da fu yu zhi tong lie ,zheng chong er xin hai qi neng 。huai wang shi qu yuan zao wei xian ling ,qu ping shu cao gao wei ding 。shang guan da fu jian er yu duo zhi ,qu ping bu yu ,yin chan zhi yue :“wang shi qu ping wei ling ,zhong mo bu zhi 。mei yi ling chu ,ping fa qi gong ,yue yi wei ‘fei wo mo neng wei ye 。’”wang nu er shu qu ping 。
qu ping ji wang ting zhi bu cong ye ,chan zuo zhi bi ming ye ,xie qu zhi hai gong ye ,fang zheng zhi bu rong ye ,gu you chou you si er zuo 《li sao 》。“li sao ”zhe ,you li you ye 。fu tian zhe ,ren zhi shi ye ;fu mu zhe ,ren zhi ben ye 。ren qiong ze fan ben ,gu lao ku juan ji ,wei chang bu hu tian ye ;ji tong can zuo ,wei chang bu hu fu mu ye 。qu ping zheng dao zhi xing ,jie zhong jin zhi ,yi shi qi jun ,chan ren jian zhi ,ke wei qiong yi 。xin er jian yi ,zhong er bei bang ,neng wu yuan hu ?qu ping zhi zuo 《li sao 》,gai zi yuan sheng ye 。《guo feng 》hao se er bu yin ,《xiao ya 》yuan fei er bu luan 。ruo 《li sao 》zhe ,ke wei jian zhi yi 。shang cheng di zuo ,xia dao qi huan ,zhong shu tang 、wu ,yi ci shi shi 。ming dao de zhi guang chong ,zhi luan zhi tiao guan ,mi bu bi jian 。qi wen yue ,qi ci wei ,qi zhi jie ,qi xing lian 。qi cheng wen xiao er qi zhi ji da ,ju lei zuo er jian yi yuan 。qi zhi jie ,gu qi cheng wu fang ;qi xing lian ,gu si er bu rong 。zi shu zuo nao wu ni zhi zhong ,chan tui yu zhuo hui ,yi fu you chen ai zhi wai ,bu huo shi zhi zi gou , ran ni er bu zi zhe ye 。tui ci zhi ye ,sui yu ri yue zheng guang ke ye 。
qu yuan ji zuo 。qi hou qin yu fa qi ,qi yu chu cong qin ,hui wang huan zhi 。nai ling zhang yi yang qu qin ,hou bi wei zhi shi chu ,yue :“qin shen zeng qi ,qi yu chu cong qin ,chu cheng neng jue qi ,qin yuan xian shang 、zuo zhi di liu bai li 。”chu huai wang tan er xin zhang yi ,sui jue qi ,shi shi ru qin shou di 。zhang yi zha zhi yue :“yi yu wang yue liu li ,bu wen liu bai li 。”chu shi nu qu ,gui gao huai wang 。huai wang nu ,da xing shi fa qin 。qin fa bing ji zhi ,da po chu shi yu dan 、zuo ,zhan shou ba wan ,lu chu jiang qu ,sui qu chu zhi han zhong di 。huai wang nai xi fa guo zhong bing ,yi shen ru ji qin ,zhan yu lan tian 。wei wen zhi ,xi chu zhi deng 。chu bing ju ,zi qin gui 。er qi jing nu ,bu jiu chu ,chu da kun 。ming nian ,qin ge han zhong di yu chu yi he 。chu wang yue :“bu yuan de di ,yuan de zhang yi er gan xin yan 。”zhang yi wen ,nai yue :“yi yi yi er dang han zhong di ,chen qing wang ru chu 。”ru chu ,you yin hou bi yong shi zhe chen jin shang ,er she gui bian yu huai wang zhi chong ji zheng xiu 。huai wang jing ting zheng xiu ,fu shi qu zhang yi 。shi shi qu yuan ji shu ,bu fu zai wei ,shi yu qi ,gu fan ,zuo huai wang yue :“he bu sha zhang yi ?”huai wang hui ,zhui zhang yi ,bu ji 。
qi hou ,zhu hou gong ji chu ,da po zhi ,sha qi jiang tang bao 。shi qin zhao wang yu chu hun ,yu yu huai wang hui 。huai wang yu xing ,qu ping yue :“qin ,hu lang zhi guo ,bu ke xin ,bu ru wu xing 。”huai wang zhi zi zi lan quan wang xing :“nai he jue qin huan !”huai wang zu xing 。ru wu guan ,qin fu bing jue qi hou ,yin liu huai wang ,yi qiu ge di 。huai wang nu ,bu ting 。wang zou zhao ,zhao bu nei 。fu zhi qin ,jing si yu qin er gui zang 。
chang zi qing xiang wang li ,yi qi di zi lan wei ling yin 。chu ren ji jiu zi lan yi quan huai wang ru qin er bu fan ye 。qu ping ji ji zhi ,sui fang liu ,juan gu chu guo ,xi xin huai wang ,bu wang yu fan 。ji xing jun zhi yi wu ,su zhi yi gai ye 。qi cun jun xing guo ,er yu fan fu zhi ,yi pian zhi zhong ,san zhi zhi yan 。ran zhong wu ke nai he ,gu bu ke yi fan 。zu yi ci jian huai wang zhi zhong bu wu ye 。
ren jun wu yu zhi xian bu xiao ,mo bu yu qiu zhong yi zi wei ,ju xian yi zi zuo 。ran wang guo po jia xiang sui shu ,er sheng jun zhi guo lei shi er bu jian zhe ,qi suo wei zhong zhe bu zhong ,er suo wei xian zhe bu xian ye 。huai wang yi bu zhi zhong chen zhi fen ,gu nei huo yu zheng xiu ,wai qi yu zhang yi ,shu qu ping er xin shang guan da fu 、ling yin zi lan ,bing cuo di xiao ,wang qi liu jun ,shen ke si yu qin ,wei tian xia xiao ,ci bu zhi ren zhi huo ye 。《yi 》yue :“jing zuo bu shi ,wei wo xin zuo ,ke yi ji 。wang ming ,bing shou qi fu 。”wang zhi bu ming ,qi zu fu zai !ling yin zi lan wen zhi ,da nu 。zu shi shang guan da fu duan qu yuan yu qing xiang wang 。qing xiang wang nu er qian zhi 。qu yuan zhi yu jiang bin ,bei fa xing yin ze pan ,yan se zuo zuo ,xing rong ku zuo 。yu fu jian er wen zhi yue :“zi fei san zuo da fu zuo ?he gu er zhi ci ?”qu yuan yue :“ju shi jie zhuo er wo du qing ,zhong ren jie zui er wo du xing ,shi yi jian fang 。”yu fu yue :“fu sheng ren zhe ,bu ning zhi yu wu ,er neng yu shi tui yi 。ju shi jie zhuo ,he bu sui qi liu er yang qi bo ?zhong ren jie zui ,he bu bu qi zao er zuo qi zuo ?he gu huai zuo wo zuo ,er zi ling jian fang wei ?”qu yuan yue :“wu wen zhi ,xin zuo zhe bi dan guan ,xin yu zhe bi zhen yi 。ren you shui neng yi shen zhi cha cha ,shou wu zhi zuo zuo zhe hu ?ning fu chang liu er zang hu jiang yu fu zhong er 。you an neng yi zuo zuo zhi bai ,er meng shi zhi wen zuo hu ?”nai zuo 《huai sha 》zhi fu 。yu shi huai shi ,sui zi tou zuo luo yi si 。
qu yuan ji si zhi hou ,chu you song yu 、tang le 、jing cha zhi tu zhe ,jie hao ci er yi fu jian cheng 。ran jie zu qu yuan zhi cong rong ci ling ,zhong mo gan zhi zuo 。qi hou chu ri yi xiao ,shu shi nian jing wei qin suo mie 。zi qu yuan chen zuo luo hou bai you zuo nian ,han you jia sheng ,wei chang sha wang tai fu 。guo xiang shui ,tou shu yi diao qu yuan 。
tai shi gong yue :“yu du 《li sao 》、《tian wen 》、《zhao hun 》、《ai zuo 》,bei qi zhi 。shi chang sha ,guo qu yuan suo zi chen yuan ,wei chang bu chui ti ,xiang jian qi wei ren 。ji jian jia sheng diao zhi ,you guai qu yuan yi bi qi cai you zhu hou ,he guo bu rong ,er zi ling ruo shi !du 《zuo niao fu 》,tong si sheng ,qing qu jiu ,you shuang ran zi shi yi 。”
※提示:拼音为程序生成,多音字的拼音可能不准确。